Описание (английский)
Krasnodar is a city and the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River, approximately 148 kilometers (92 mi) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk.
The city originated in 1793 as a military camp, then as a fortress built by the Cossacks to defend imperial borders and to assert Russian dominion over Circassia, a claim which Ottoman Turkey contested. In the first half of the 19th century, Yekaterinodar grew into a busy center of the Kuban Cossacks, gaining official town status in 1867. By 1888 about 45,000 people lived in the city, which had become a vital trade center for southern Russia. In 1897 an obelisk commemorating the two-hundred-year history of the Kuban Cossacks (seen as founded in 1696) was erected in Yekaterinodar.
During the Russian Civil War (1917-1922) the city changed hands several times, coming successively under the control of the Red Army and of the Volunteer Army. Many Kuban Cossacks, as committed anti-Bolsheviks, supported the White Movement. Lavr Kornilov, a White general, captured the city on April 10, 1918, only to be killed a week later when a Bolshevik artillery shell blew up the farmhouse where he had set up his headquarters.
During World War II units of the German Army
occupied Krasnodar between August 12, 1942 and February 12, 1943. The
city sustained heavy damage in the fighting, but was rebuilt and
renovated after the war. German forces, including Gestapo and "mobile SS execution squads", killed thousands of Jews, Communists, and "supposed Communist 'partisans.'" Shooting, hanging, burning, and even gas vans were used.
In the summer of 1943 the Soviets began trials, including of their
own citizens, for collusion with the Nazis and for participation in war crimes.
The first such trial took place at Krasnodar from July 14 to 17, 1943.
The Krasnodar tribunal pronounced eight death sentences, which were
summarily carried out in the city square in front of a crowd of about
thirty thousand people.
Administrative and municipal status
Krasnodar is the administrative center of the krai. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities, incorporated as the City of Krasnodar—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the City of Krasnodar is incorporated as Krasnodar Urban Okrug.
Main sights
Krasnodar is home to the steel lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1928; it is located near Krasnodar Circus.
Other attractions include St. Catherine's Cathedral, the State Arts Museum, a park and theater named after Maxim Gorky,
the beautiful concert hall of the Krasnodar Philharmonic Society, which
is considered to have some of the best acoustics in southern Russia, State Cossack Choir and the Krasnodar circus.
The most interesting place in Krasnodar is Krasnaya Street (which
translates as "Red, Beautiful Street"). There are situated many sights
of Krasnodar. At the beginning of the street, one can see the Central
Concert Hall; at the other end, one can see the Avrora cinema center. A
"Triumphal Arch" is situated in the middle of Krasnaya Street.
Theater Square is home to the largest splash fountain in Europe. This fountain was officially inaugurated on September 25, 2011 along
with an official ceremony to celebrate the City Day in Krasnodar.