Описание (английский)
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is a city in Sakhalin island, and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It was called Vladimirovka (Влади?мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara from 1905 to 1946.
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk began as a small Russian settlement called Vladimirovka, founded by convicts in 1882. The Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, which brought an end to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, awarded the southern half of the Sakhalin Island to Japan. Vladimirovka was renamed Toyohara (meaning "bountiful plain"), and was the prefect capital of the Japanese Karafuto Prefecture.
After the end of World War II, the Japanese portion of Sakhalin island was occupied by Soviet
troops. Ownership of the city was transferred to the Soviet Union and
it was renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ("Southern Sakhalin"). Town status was
granted to it in 1946.The city is served by the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport.
The city is also the hub for the island's narrow gauge railway network, the Sakhalin Railway,
built under the Japanese administration in the early 20th century. In
addition to railways, the town is also a hub for roadways, such as the A-391 (which travels east to Korsakov) and the A-392 (which travels west to Kholmsk).