Описание (английский)
Magadan is a port town and the administrative center of Magadan Oblast, Russia, located on the Sea of Okhotsk in Nagayevo Bay in Taui Bay and serving as a gateway to the Kolyma region.
Magadan was founded in 1930 in the Magadan River valley, near the settlement of Nagayevo. During the Stalin
era, Magadan was a major transit center for prisoners sent to labor
camps. From 1932 to 1953, it was the administrative center of the Dalstroy organization—a vast and brutal forced-labor gold-mining operation and forced-labor camp system. The town later served as a port for exporting gold and other metals mined in the Kolyma region.
Its size and population grew quickly as facilities were rapidly
developed for the expanding mining activities in the area. Town status
was granted to it on July 14, 1939.
Magadan was visited by U.S. Vice-President Henry Wallace in May 1944. He took an instant liking to his secret policeman host, admired handiwork done by prisoners, and later glowingly called the town a combination of Tennessee Valley Authority and Hudson's Bay Company. Wallace's collaborative stance towards the Soviet Union discouraged the Democratic Party of the United States from renominating him as vice president later in the summer of 1944, helping lead to the selection of Harry Truman in his place.The town has a number of cultural institutions including the Regional
Museum of Anthropology, a geological museum, a regional library and a
university.
The town has the new Orthodox Cathedral Church of the Trinity, a recently completed Roman Catholic Church of the Nativity and the Mask of Sorrow memorial, a large sculpture in memory of Stalin's victims, designed by Ernst Neizvestny. The Church of the Nativity
is actually a part of the diocese of Anchorage, Alaska and ministers to
the survivors of the labor camps. It is staffed by several priests and
nuns.The town figures prominently in the labour camp literature of Varlam Shalamov and in the eponymous song by Mikhail Krug, and was a focal point of the Long Way Round motorcycle journey made by Ewan McGregor, Charley Boorman and their team in 2004.