Описание (английский)
Ufa is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic.
Early history of the surrounding area of Ufa out in Paleolithic times.
Presumably from the 5th to the 16th century on the site of Ufa there was a medieval city. On the map of Pizzigano brothers (1367) and on the Catalan Atlas (1375) approximately on the Belaya River was designated a town Pascherti (Bashkort), On the Gerardus Mercator's map (1554) also marked the settlement with the Pascherti name. French orientalist Henri Cordier associates the position of Pascherti with the current location of Ufa.
Ibn Khaldun among the largest cities of the Golden Horde called the town Bashkort.
Russian historian of the 18th century Peter Rychkov wrote that on the
territory of Ufa before the arrival of the Russians there was a great
city.
The official of the Orenburg Governorate government Vasily Rebelensky wrote that Ufa was founded by the Bashkirs.
By order of Ivan the Terrible on the site of modern Ufa was built a fortress in 1574, and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau. 1574 is now considered to be the official date of Ufa's foundation. Town status was granted to it in 1586.
Before becoming the seat of a separate Ufa Governorate in 1781, the city, along with the rest of the Bashkir lands, was under the jurisdiction of the Orenburg
governors. And even though the 1796 reform reunited Orenburg and Ufa
again, in 1802 the city of Ufa became a new center of the entire Orenburg Governorate that included large territories of modern-day Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg Oblast, and Chelyabinsk Oblast.
During the 1800-1810s, Scottish Russian architect William Heste developed a general city plan for Ufa as a regional capital shaping the modern outline of its historical center.
The Belaya River Waterway (1870) and the Samara-Zlatoust Railroad (1890) connected the city to the European part of the Russian Empire and stimulated development of the city's light industry. As a result, in 1913 the population of Ufa grew to 100,000.
During World War II,
following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, a number of industrial
enterprises of the western parts of the Soviet Union were evacuated to
Ufa. The city also became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government.
During 9—10 July 2015 Ufa hosted summits of the BRICS group and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.